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United States Patent 3,053,931 CGLGR TELEVHSIQN SYSTEM Domenico A. Rudatis, New York, N.Y. (l3421 Cherry Ave, Apt. 3C, Flushing 55, N.Y.) Filed Apr. 15, 1958, Ser. No. 723,6(l4 22 Claims. (Cl. 178-51) The present invention is concerned with methods and devices to transmit and receive both stationary and moving television pictures, satisfactorily colored in conformity with the natural colors of the scenes to be televised, and in a Wholly compatible form with the common black and white television transmission and reception.

It is known that in order to transmit and receive colored television pictures, certain systems have been already embodied wherein the quotes of three primary colors, forming the minimum necessary number for a sulficient reproduction of the natural colors, are transmitted either by afield sequence or by a line sequence or also by a sequence of small areas. All of these systems are based on the principle that in order to suitably reproduce the natural colors, and also the detail, it is necessary to have in each elemental area of the image, i.e. in each minimum resolvable element, the three quotes of the primary colors, multiplying thus by three the transmission exigencies.

When the field sequence is used, an extremely disturbing general flicker occurs which can not be avoided without using frequencies incompatible with those of the common black and white television. Other inconveniencies occur when the line sequence or the small areas sequencies are used, since by any arrangement and alternation of the three primary colors of the image, if the frequencies are the same as in the black and white television, the structures inherent to the single primary are excessively visible, and furthermore very disturbing crawl effects can occur. Due to these and other known inconveniencies, to which no remedy has been found up to now, all of the sequential systems have been abandoned, and in the USA. a simultaneous transmission system has been substituted therefore, i.e. the N.T.S.C. system, wherein the high frequencies of the three primary colors are mixed into an achromatic signal, While the chromatic data are transmitted by -a double modulation of a subcarrier in a form equivalent to a modulation of two subcarriers and interlacing the corresponding component frequencies with the component frequencies of the achromatic signal. Thus, however, a lot of complications is to be introduced both in the transmission and in the reception. The signals corresponding to the three primary colors are to be subjected to many elaborations, transformations, modulations and demodulations before being utilized in the color reproducing final process, and these operations demand for a far greater accuracy and a far greater number of means than the black and white television.

In order to exactly appreciate the present status of this technical development it is necessary to take into account some conclusive facts and results. First, when the N.T.S.C. system is used, most of the image details, which do not correspond to brightnes variations, but only to hue and saturation variations are lost, and said details may have often an essential importance for the aesthetical appearance of the image. It is also to be noted that the aforsaid typical frequencies interlacing, also apart from all of the operational complications and difficulties inherent thereto, is technically correct only when the image is perfectly motionless. Furthermore several inconveniencies arise due to said two subcarriers. Lastly, the fundamental fact subsists that the complications, thus introduced, render diflicult the registering, impractical the use and very expensive the production and 3,053,931 Patented Sept. 11, 1962 maintenance with respect to the low aesthetical results commonly obtained, so that the commercial importance of such a color television system remained minimum in comparison to the well known importance of the black and white television, even if these two television forms are compatible under the electronic standpoint.

The present invention is concerned with methods and devices eliminating all of the aforesaid specific drawbacks of the color television systems heretofore embodied, both the drawbacks inherent to the sequential systems and those inherent to the simultaneous systems such as the aforesaid N.T.S.C. system.

Particularly, a fundamental object of this invention is that of providing novel methods and devices to transmit and receive both stationary and moving colored television pictures, suitably colored in conformity with the natural color of the scenes to be televised, so that the production and maintenance cost of the receiving sets is minimized, and their use is safe and reliable, carrying thus color television almost at the economical and functional level of common black and white television.

Another import-ant object of the present invention is that of providing color pictures without the drawbacks inherent to excessively visible or crawling structures disturbing the line or small areas sequential systems, keeping in the meantime the details corresponding to the sole hue and saturation differences which are missing, on the contrary, in the simultaneous systems such as the N.T.S.C. system.

A further object of this invention is that of rendering possible the transmission and reception of television pictures with satisfactory natural colors and with a suitable brightness, in a wholly compatible form with respect to the ordinary black and white system, without changing the transmission band, and causing the color receiving sets to be apt to normally operate also as black and white receiving sets, and the color transmissions may be normally received as black and white transmissions by the corresponding common receiving sets.

Many and other objects and advantages of the present invention reside in the elimination of one or more defects and complications encountered in the systems known up to now, and particularly in the elimination of complicated signal transformations, in the elimination of the suboarriers, in the elimination of diflicult registrations and controls, and in the elimination of frequencies higher than those used in the black and white system, both for the color control and for any other functional need.

All of the aforesaid objects and advantages of the present invention, together with many other objects and advantages, will appear to the skilled persons, by the following description together with the attached drawings and the appended claims.

As an introduction, the invention can be briefly outlined pointing out that it is a new and useful combination of two complementary line-sequential tricolor processes which are alternated with the frame frequency of a black and white television system so that in the receiver screen two complementary colors are activated in each scanning line combining said two alternate line-sequential operations, in each field the three primary colors of a tricolor process being alternated by a conventional color commutation line-sequential operating and two consecutive fields being conventionally interlaced a fully compatible color television system is obtained by exclusive line sequential operations, whereby the basic defects of all known line sequential color systems are avoided because the color lines are statical and not crawling, and a bicolor process being effected in each line with the frame frequency a sufficient uniformity is always achieved.

All of the objects and advantages inherent to the pres- 

